MC 九年老玩家的开服初体验

最近想试一试 MC 开服怎么做，这次就在我的 archlinux 的工作站上面试一试。

关于 Java

我并没有学过 java 语言。MC 不同版本经常需要不同的 java 版本，这往往很麻烦。但 archlinux 有一个非常优雅的 java 版本管理，参考官方 wiki 页面。

关键在于这句话：

Arch Linux officially supports the open source OpenJDK versions 8, 11, 17, 21, and 25 — Long-Term Support (LTS) versions. All these JVMs can be installed without conflict and switched between using helper script archlinux-java (installed with java-runtime-common package). Several other Java environments are available in Arch User Repository but are not officially supported.

通过下面的命令不同版本的 OpenJDK

sudo pacman -S jdk-openjdk

具体细节看第 1.1 节。

通过下面的命令下载 archlinux-java 脚本工具

sudo pacman -S java-runtime-common

该工具也会在你使用 pacman 下载任何 java 的时候被自动拉取。具体如何使用则具体在第二节 Switching between JVM。

原版服

参考链接

https://minecraft.wiki/w/Tutorial:Setting_up_a_Java_Edition_server#Starting_up_the_server
- 主要参考其中的 Starting up the server 章节

开服姿势

Step0: 确认设备配置合适，确认 Java 装好，确认建立好了新的目录(mkdir)。

Step1: 下载服务器文件，你可以将其重命名为 server.jar ，我们后面就称这个文件是 server.jar

可以去官方网站 https://www.minecraft.net/en-us/download/server 下载最新版的服务器文件，这个网站里面右键 minecraft serverxxxxxx 的超链接即可下载到服务器文件，如果服务器没有 GUI 则复制链接地址然后 wget 即可。

❯ wget -O server.jar https://piston-data.mojang.com/v1/objects/64bb6d763bed0a9f1d632ec347938594144943ed/server.jar
--2026-01-23 01:35:16--  https://piston-data.mojang.com/v1/objects/64bb6d763bed0a9f1d632ec347938594144943ed/server.jar
Loaded CA certificate '/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt'
Resolving piston-data.mojang.com (piston-data.mojang.com)... 13.107.246.59, 13.107.213.59
Connecting to piston-data.mojang.com (piston-data.mojang.com)|13.107.246.59|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 56327581 (54M) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘server.jar’

server.jar               100%[================================>]  53.72M  11.1MB/s    in 5.1s

2026-01-23 01:35:21 (10.6 MB/s) - ‘server.jar’ saved [56327581/56327581]

❯ ls
server.jar

Step2: 运行服务器文件，生成并修改配置文件。

运行下面的命令，这条命令一定会失败，这是用来生成一些配置文件的。

java -jar server.jar nogui

运行后会产生一些其它文件，重点关注两个：

eula.txt: 要进入这个文件把里面的 false 改为 true，这其实就是所谓的 “用户条款”，考虑到没有 GUI，Mojang 就用这种方式来让你确认 “用户条款” 。
server.properties: 这是一个文本文件，里面有很多服务器的配置开关。下面说一些重要的
- difficulty: 即游戏难度，默认是 easy，想玩生电的话就要改为 hard
- level-name: 服务器存档，默认是· world，启动前可以通过该这个来切换存档
- server-port: 开放端口，默认是 25565
- online-mode: 是否开启正版验证，默认是 true
- white-list: 是开白名单模式，默认是 false，开了之后只有白名单列表的玩家才允许加入
- max-tick-time: 卡顿看门狗，如果服务卡顿超过设定时间，则强制关闭服务器。默认是 60000（一分钟），这个建议调高一点。
- pause-when-empty-seconds: 服务器空闲（没玩家上号）一段时间后，服务器会自动暂停以节能，默认是 60，设为 -1 以永不暂停。

❯ java -jar server.jar
Unpacking 1.21.11/server-1.21.11.jar (versions:1.21.11) to versions/1.21.11/server-1.21.11.jar
Unpacking at/yawk/lz4/lz4-java/1.8.1/lz4-java-1.8.1.jar (libraries:at.yawk.lz4:lz4-java:1.8.1) to libraries/at/yawk/lz4/lz4-java/1.8.1/lz4-java-1.8.1.jar
Unpacking com/azure/azure-json/1.4.0/azure-json-1.4.0.jar (libraries:com.azure:azure-json:1.4.0) to libraries/com/azure/azure-json/1.4.0/azure-json-1.4.0.jar
Unpacking com/github/oshi/oshi-core/6.9.0/oshi-core-6.9.0.jar (libraries:com.github.oshi:oshi-core:6.9.0) to libraries/com/github/oshi/oshi-core/6.9.0/oshi-core-6.9.0.jar
Unpacking com/google/code/gson/gson/2.13.2/gson-2.13.2.jar (libraries:com.google.code.gson:gson:2.13.2) to libraries/com/google/code/gson/gson/2.13.2/gson-2.13.2.jar
Unpacking com/google/guava/failureaccess/1.0.3/failureaccess-1.0.3.jar (libraries:com.google.guava:failureaccess:1.0.3) to libraries/com/google/guava/failureaccess/1.0.3/failureaccess-1.0.3.jar
Unpacking com/google/guava/guava/33.5.0-jre/guava-33.5.0-jre.jar (libraries:com.google.guava:guava:33.5.0-jre) to libraries/com/google/guava/guava/33.5.0-jre/guava-33.5.0-jre.jar
Unpacking com/microsoft/azure/msal4j/1.23.1/msal4j-1.23.1.jar (libraries:com.microsoft.azure:msal4j:1.23.1) to libraries/com/microsoft/azure/msal4j/1.23.1/msal4j-1.23.1.jar
Unpacking com/mojang/authlib/7.0.61/authlib-7.0.61.jar (libraries:com.mojang:authlib:7.0.61) to libraries/com/mojang/authlib/7.0.61/authlib-7.0.61.jar
Unpacking com/mojang/brigadier/1.3.10/brigadier-1.3.10.jar (libraries:com.mojang:brigadier:1.3.10) to libraries/com/mojang/brigadier/1.3.10/brigadier-1.3.10.jar
unpacking com/mojang/datafixerupper/9.0.19/datafixerupper-9.0.19.jar (libraries:com.mojang:datafixerupper:9.0.19) to libraries/com/mojang/datafixerupper/9.0.19/datafixerupper-9.0.19.jar
Unpacking com/mojang/jtracy/1.0.37/jtracy-1.0.37.jar (libraries:com.mojang:jtracy:1.0.37) to libraries/com/mojang/jtracy/1.0.37/jtracy-1.0.37.jar
Unpacking com/mojang/logging/1.6.11/logging-1.6.11.jar (libraries:com.mojang:logging:1.6.11) to libraries/com/mojang/logging/1.6.11/logging-1.6.11.jar
Unpacking commons-io/commons-io/2.20.0/commons-io-2.20.0.jar (libraries:commons-io:commons-io:2.20.0) to libraries/commons-io/commons-io/2.20.0/commons-io-2.20.0.jar
Unpacking io/netty/netty-buffer/4.2.7.Final/netty-buffer-4.2.7.Final.jar (libraries:io.netty:netty-buffer:4.2.7.Final) to libraries/io/netty/netty-buffer/4.2.7.Final/netty-buffer-4.2.7.Final.jar
Unpacking io/netty/netty-codec-base/4.2.7.Final/netty-codec-base-4.2.7.Final.jar (libraries:io.netty:netty-codec-base:4.2.7.Final) to libraries/io/netty/netty-codec-base/4.2.7.Final/netty-codec-base-4.2.7.Final.jar
Unpacking io/netty/netty-codec-compression/4.2.7.Final/netty-codec-compression-4.2.7.Final.jar (libraries:io.netty:netty-codec-compression:4.2.7.Final) to libraries/io/netty/netty-codec-compression/4.2.7.Final/netty-codec-compression-4.2.7.Final.jar
Unpacking io/netty/netty-codec-http/4.2.7.Final/netty-codec-http-4.2.7.Final.jar (libraries:io.netty:netty-codec-http:4.2.7.Final) to libraries/io/netty/netty-codec-http/4.2.7.Final/netty-codec-http-4.2.7.Final.jar
Unpacking io/netty/netty-common/4.2.7.Final/netty-common-4.2.7.Final.jar (libraries:io.netty:netty-common:4.2.7.Final) to libraries/io/netty/netty-common/4.2.7.Final/netty-common-4.2.7.Final.jar
Unpacking io/netty/netty-handler/4.2.7.Final/netty-handler-4.2.7.Final.jar (libraries:io.netty:netty-handler:4.2.7.Final) to libraries/io/netty/netty-handler/4.2.7.Final/netty-handler-4.2.7.Final.jar
Unpacking io/netty/netty-resolver/4.2.7.Final/netty-resolver-4.2.7.Final.jar (libraries:io.netty:netty-resolver:4.2.7.Final) to libraries/io/netty/netty-resolver/4.2.7.Final/netty-resolver-4.2.7.Final.jar
Unpacking io/netty/netty-transport/4.2.7.Final/netty-transport-4.2.7.Final.jar (libraries:io.netty:netty-transport:4.2.7.Final) to libraries/io/netty/netty-transport/4.2.7.Final/netty-transport-4.2.7.Final.jar
Unpacking io/netty/netty-transport-classes-epoll/4.2.7.Final/netty-transport-classes-epoll-4.2.7.Final.jar (libraries:io.netty:netty-transport-classes-epoll:4.2.7.Final) to libraries/io/netty/netty-transport-classes-epoll/4.2.7.Final/netty-transport-classes-epoll-4.2.7.Final.jar
Unpacking io/netty/netty-transport-classes-kqueue/4.2.7.Final/netty-transport-classes-kqueue-4.2.7.Final.jar (libraries:io.netty:netty-transport-classes-kqueue:4.2.7.Final) to libraries/io/netty/netty-transport-classes-kqueue/4.2.7.Final/netty-transport-classes-kqueue-4.2.7.Final.jar
Unpacking io/netty/netty-transport-native-epoll/4.2.7.Final/netty-transport-native-epoll-4.2.7.Final-linux-x86_64.jar (libraries:io.netty:netty-transport-native-epoll:4.2.7.Final:linux-x86_64) to libraries/io/netty/netty-transport-native-epoll/4.2.7.Final/netty-transport-native-epoll-4.2.7.Final-linux-x86_64.jar
Unpacking io/netty/netty-transport-native-epoll/4.2.7.Final/netty-transport-native-epoll-4.2.7.Final-linux-aarch_64.jar (libraries:io.netty:netty-transport-native-epoll:4.2.7.Final:linux-aarch_64) to libraries/io/netty/netty-transport-native-epoll/4.2.7.Final/netty-transport-native-epoll-4.2.7.Final-linux-aarch_64.jar
Unpacking io/netty/netty-transport-native-kqueue/4.2.7.Final/netty-transport-native-kqueue-4.2.7.Final-osx-x86_64.jar (libraries:io.netty:netty-transport-native-kqueue:4.2.7.Final:osx-x86_64) to libraries/io/netty/netty-transport-native-kqueue/4.2.7.Final/netty-transport-native-kqueue-4.2.7.Final-osx-x86_64.jar
Unpacking io/netty/netty-transport-native-kqueue/4.2.7.Final/netty-transport-native-kqueue-4.2.7.Final-osx-aarch_64.jar (libraries:io.netty:netty-transport-native-kqueue:4.2.7.Final:osx-aarch_64) to libraries/io/netty/netty-transport-native-kqueue/4.2.7.Final/netty-transport-native-kqueue-4.2.7.Final-osx-aarch_64.jar
Unpacking io/netty/netty-transport-native-unix-common/4.2.7.Final/netty-transport-native-unix-common-4.2.7.Final.jar (libraries:io.netty:netty-transport-native-unix-common:4.2.7.Final) to libraries/io/netty/netty-transport-native-unix-common/4.2.7.Final/netty-transport-native-unix-common-4.2.7.Final.jar
Unpacking it/unimi/dsi/fastutil/8.5.18/fastutil-8.5.18.jar (libraries:it.unimi.dsi:fastutil:8.5.18) to libraries/it/unimi/dsi/fastutil/8.5.18/fastutil-8.5.18.jar
Unpacking net/java/dev/jna/jna/5.17.0/jna-5.17.0.jar (libraries:net.java.dev.jna:jna:5.17.0) to libraries/net/java/dev/jna/jna/5.17.0/jna-5.17.0.jar
Unpacking net/java/dev/jna/jna-platform/5.17.0/jna-platform-5.17.0.jar (libraries:net.java.dev.jna:jna-platform:5.17.0) to libraries/net/java/dev/jna/jna-platform/5.17.0/jna-platform-5.17.0.jar
Unpacking net/sf/jopt-simple/jopt-simple/5.0.4/jopt-simple-5.0.4.jar (libraries:net.sf.jopt-simple:jopt-simple:5.0.4) to libraries/net/sf/jopt-simple/jopt-simple/5.0.4/jopt-simple-5.0.4.jar
Unpacking org/apache/commons/commons-lang3/3.19.0/commons-lang3-3.19.0.jar (libraries:org.apache.commons:commons-lang3:3.19.0) to libraries/org/apache/commons/commons-lang3/3.19.0/commons-lang3-3.19.0.jar
Unpacking org/apache/logging/log4j/log4j-api/2.25.2/log4j-api-2.25.2.jar (libraries:org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-api:2.25.2) to libraries/org/apache/logging/log4j/log4j-api/2.25.2/log4j-api-2.25.2.jar
Unpacking org/apache/logging/log4j/log4j-core/2.25.2/log4j-core-2.25.2.jar (libraries:org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-core:2.25.2) to libraries/org/apache/logging/log4j/log4j-core/2.25.2/log4j-core-2.25.2.jar
Unpacking org/apache/logging/log4j/log4j-slf4j2-impl/2.25.2/log4j-slf4j2-impl-2.25.2.jar (libraries:org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-slf4j2-impl:2.25.2) to libraries/org/apache/logging/log4j/log4j-slf4j2-impl/2.25.2/log4j-slf4j2-impl-2.25.2.jar
Unpacking org/joml/joml/1.10.8/joml-1.10.8.jar (libraries:org.joml:joml:1.10.8) to libraries/org/joml/joml/1.10.8/joml-1.10.8.jar
Unpacking org/jspecify/jspecify/1.0.0/jspecify-1.0.0.jar (libraries:org.jspecify:jspecify:1.0.0) to libraries/org/jspecify/jspecify/1.0.0/jspecify-1.0.0.jar
Unpacking org/slf4j/slf4j-api/2.0.17/slf4j-api-2.0.17.jar (libraries:org.slf4j:slf4j-api:2.0.17) to libraries/org/slf4j/slf4j-api/2.0.17/slf4j-api-2.0.17.jar
Starting net.minecraft.server.Main
[01:59:58] [ServerMain/ERROR]: Failed to load properties from file: server.properties
java.nio.file.NoSuchFileException: server.properties
        at java.base/sun.nio.fs.UnixException.translateToIOException(UnixException.java:92)
        at java.base/sun.nio.fs.UnixException.rethrowAsIOException(UnixException.java:106)
        at java.base/sun.nio.fs.UnixException.rethrowAsIOException(UnixException.java:111)
        at java.base/sun.nio.fs.UnixFileSystemProvider.newByteChannel(UnixFileSystemProvider.java:261)
        at java.base/java.nio.file.Files.newByteChannel(Files.java:380)
        at java.base/java.nio.file.Files.newByteChannel(Files.java:432)
        at java.base/java.nio.file.spi.FileSystemProvider.newInputStream(FileSystemProvider.java:420)
        at java.base/java.nio.file.Files.newInputStream(Files.java:160)
        at asc.b(SourceFile:62)
        at arz.a(SourceFile:154)
        at asa.<init>(SourceFile:12)
        at net.minecraft.server.Main.main(SourceFile:115)
        at net.minecraft.bundler.Main.lambda$run$0(Main.java:54)
        at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:1583)
[01:59:58] [ServerMain/WARN]: Failed to load eula.txt
[01:59:58] [ServerMain/INFO]: You need to agree to the EULA in order to run the server. Go to eula.txt for more info.
❯ ls
libraries  logs  versions  eula.txt  server.jar  server.properties

其实运行方法，在官方的服务器文件下载页面里面其实就说了，就在下载链接的正下方，有一行命令，我们来看看这个命令是什么意思。

java -Xmx1024M -Xms1024M -jar minecraft_server.1.21.11.jar nogui

感觉 -jar 是核心参数，告诉 java 运行一个 JAR 包，也就是刚刚下载下来的服务器文件。
minecraft_server.1.21.11.jar 则是服务器文件，这应该是默认下载产生的文件的名字。
-Xms1024M 指的是初始内存，即程序启动时申请的内存大小。如果不输入该参数，默认大概为总内存的 1/64。
-Xmx1024M 指的是最大内存，即运行过程中允许占用的最大内存。如果不输入该参数，默认大概为总内存的 1/4。
nogui 指的是不开 GUI，很多服务器不需要 GUI。

显然官方指定的内存大小基本上是不够畅玩的。。。

step3: MC，启动！

上面的配置文件设置好之后，就可以启动了。（其实默认配置也可以启动）。运行

java -Xmx... -Xms... -jar server.jar nogui

即可启动。建议配置一个 start.sh 脚本里面写一个带具体 java 参数的命令来代为启动。

❯ nvim eula.txt
❯ cat eula.txt
#By changing the setting below to TRUE you are indicating your agreement to our EULA (https://aka.ms/MinecraftEULA).
#Fri Jan 23 01:59:58 CST 2026
eula=true
❯ java -jar server.jar
Starting net.minecraft.server.Main
[02:19:22] [ServerMain/INFO]: Environment: Environment[sessionHost=https://sessionserver.mojang.com, servicesHost=https://api.minecraftservices.com, profilesHost=https://api.mojang.com, name=PROD]
[02:19:23] [ServerMain/INFO]: No existing world data, creating new world
[02:19:24] [ServerMain/INFO]: Loaded 1470 recipes
[02:19:24] [ServerMain/INFO]: Loaded 1584 advancements
[02:19:24] [Server thread/INFO]: Starting minecraft server version 1.21.11
[02:19:24] [Server thread/INFO]: Loading properties
[02:19:24] [Server thread/INFO]: Default game type: SURVIVAL
[02:19:24] [Server thread/INFO]: Generating keypair
[02:19:24] [Server thread/INFO]: Starting Minecraft server on *:25565
[02:19:24] [Server thread/INFO]: Preparing level "world"
[02:19:25] [Server thread/INFO]: Selecting global world spawn...
[02:19:27] [Server thread/INFO]: Loading 0 persistent chunks...
[02:19:27] [Server thread/INFO]: Preparing spawn area: 100%
[02:19:27] [Server thread/INFO]: Time elapsed: 2365 ms
[02:19:27] [Server thread/INFO]: Done (2.703s)! For help, type "help"

当看到 “Done” 的时候，服务器已经开启了。查询你的服务器的公网 IP，然后发送给玩家们，他们用 <你的公网ip>:25565 即可登录。

在这个页面，你也可以输入信息，效果几乎等效于你再游戏里开作弊模式输入 / + 相应的内容。例如你可以在这里直接输入 seed 查询地图种子，输入 op <player-id> 来指定管理员权限，输入 deop <player-id> 来取消管理员权限。

输入 stop 来关闭服务器。

开服的正确姿势

上面说了开服的流程，但是有一些东西需要注意。

我不想开最新版的服务器

Mojang 官方只提供最新版本服务器文件的下载地址。想要下载其它版本的纯原版服务器文件，有几个办法

从第三方网站 https://mcversions.net 下载
从官方启动器下载，打开官方启动器，点进 “配置” 选项卡，选择 “新配置”，然后里面有一个小小的下载服务器的地址链接。如下图所示

服务端要后台运行！

上一小节我说用 java -jar server.jar 这个命令即可开服。这当然没错。可是服务器是要长期运行的。你运行了这个命令后，如果关闭所处的 terminal ，命令作为 terminal 的子进程当然会被关闭，服务器也被关闭了。

推荐使用终端复用器 tmux，archlinux 上面可以直接使用 pacman 下载。省流用法如下：

运行

tmux new -s mc

来开启一个新“会话”，屏幕底部会多一个绿色的状态来标志成功进入会话。

在这个会话栏里面启动服务器，运行 java -jar server.jar 或者你编写的替代脚本。

按下 Ctrl + b ，然后按下 d 离开会话，屏幕上会显式一个 [detached]，意味着会话已经后台运行。此时关闭所处的终端也不会导致服务器被关闭。

运行

tmux attach -t mc

回到会话中，你可以在此操作服务器。

运行 exit 可以退出当前会话。其它 tmux 操作请自行查找。

模组服

以 neoforge 为例，可以在

https://docs.neoforged.net/user/docs/server/

看到开服的方法，果然离开了 Mojang 官方才知道别的地方都有好文档。顺带一提，模组文件和客户端文件是一样的，只需要输入不同的参数即可。按照提示，我们先在 https://neoforged.net/ 选择想要的版本，然后下载。

❯ wget -O server.jar https://maven.neoforged.net/releases/net/neoforged/neoforge/21.4.156/neoforge-21.4.156-installer.jar
--2026-01-23 11:51:17--  https://maven.neoforged.net/releases/net/neoforged/neoforge/21.4.156/neoforge-21.4.156-installer.jar
Loaded CA certificate '/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt'
Resolving maven.neoforged.net (maven.neoforged.net)... 156.146.44.89, 84.17.57.26
Connecting to maven.neoforged.net (maven.neoforged.net)|156.146.44.89|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 7223039 (6.9M) [application/java-archive]
Saving to: ‘server.jar’

server.jar                                     100%[====================================================================================================>]   6.89M  8.06MB/s    in 0.9s

2026-01-23 11:51:18 (8.06 MB/s) - ‘server.jar’ saved [7223039/7223039]

❯ ls
server.jar

然后运行

java -jar server.jar --installServer

产生配置文件。

❯ java -jar server.jar --installServer
Outputting log to file server.jar.log
JVM info: Arch Linux - 21.0.10 - 21.0.10+7
java.net.preferIPv4Stack=true
Current Time: 23/01/2026 11:52:40
Host: maven.neoforged.net [84.17.57.26, 156.146.44.89]
Host: libraries.minecraft.net [13.107.246.73, 13.107.213.73]
Host: launchermeta.mojang.com [13.107.213.59, 13.107.246.59]
Host: piston-meta.mojang.com [13.107.213.59, 13.107.246.59]
Host: sessionserver.mojang.com [13.107.246.59, 13.107.213.59]
Found java version 21.0.10
Target Directory: .
Following redirect: https://neoforged.net/mirrorlist.json
Considering Minecraft server jar
Downloading library from https://piston-meta.mojang.com/v1/packages/6eae5d0cb40a56afb56032a4a502f87343c63cc9/1.21.4.json
        Download completed: Checksum validated.
Downloading library from https://piston-data.mojang.com/v1/objects/4707d00eb834b446575d89a61a11b5d548d8c001/server.jar
        Download completed: Checksum validated.
Downloading libraries
Found 1 additional library directories
Considering library net.neoforged.fancymodloader:earlydisplay:6.0.18
Downloading library from https://maven.neoforged.net/releases/net/neoforged/fancymodloader/earlydisplay/6.0.18/earlydisplay-6.0.18.jar
        Download completed: Checksum validated.
Considering library net.neoforged.fancymodloader:loader:6.0.18
Downloading library from https://maven.neoforged.net/releases/net/neoforged/fancymodloader/loader/6.0.18/loader-6.0.18.jar
        Download completed: Checksum validated.
Considering library net.neoforged.accesstransformers:at-modlauncher:11.0.2
Downloading library from https://maven.neoforged.net/releases/net/neoforged/accesstransformers/at-modlauncher/11.0.2/at-modlauncher-11.0.2.jar
        Download completed: Checksum validated.
Considering library net.neoforged:accesstransformers:11.0.2
Downloading library from https://maven.neoforged.net/releases/net/neoforged/accesstransformers/11.0.2/accesstransformers-11.0.2.jar
        Download completed: Checksum validated.
Considering library net.neoforged:bus:8.0.5
Downloading library from https://maven.neoforged.net/releases/net/neoforged/bus/8.0.5/bus-8.0.5.jar
        Download completed: Checksum validated.
Considering library net.neoforged:coremods:7.0.3
...
  net/minecraft/world/ticks/WorldGenTickAccess.class
  net/minecraft/world/ticks/package-info.class
===============================================================================
Processor: net.neoforged.installertools:binarypatcher
  MainClass: net.neoforged.binarypatcher.ConsoleTool
  Classpath:
    /home/shwan/mc-server/neoforge/./libraries/net/neoforged/installertools/binarypatcher/2.1.2/binarypatcher-2.1.2-fatjar.jar
    /home/shwan/mc-server/neoforge/./libraries/net/neoforged/installertools/binarypatcher/2.1.2/binarypatcher-2.1.2-fatjar.jar
  Args: --clean, /home/shwan/mc-server/neoforge/./libraries/net/minecraft/server/1.21.4-20241203.161809/server-1.21.4-20241203.161809-srg.jar, --output, /home/shwan/mc-server/neoforge/./libraries/net/neoforged/neoforge/21.4.156/neoforge-21.4.156-server.jar, --apply, /tmp/neoforge_installer191771433557844724/data/server.lzma
Applying:
  Clean:     /home/shwan/mc-server/neoforge/./libraries/net/minecraft/server/1.21.4-20241203.161809/server-1.21.4-20241203.161809-srg.jar
  Output:    /home/shwan/mc-server/neoforge/./libraries/net/neoforged/neoforge/21.4.156/neoforge-21.4.156-server.jar
  KeepData:  false
  Unpatched: false
  Pack200:   false
  Legacy:    false
Loading patches file: /tmp/neoforge_installer191771433557844724/data/server.lzma
Processor: net.neoforged.installertools:binarypatcher: Loading patch files
Processor: net.neoforged.installertools:binarypatcher: Patching input
Processor: net.neoforged.installertools:binarypatcher: Adding new files
The server installed successfully
You can delete this installer file now if you wish
❯ ls
libraries  run.bat  run.sh  server.jar  server.jar.log  user_jvm_args.txt

这里面有一个 user_jvm_args.txt 文件似乎可以固定 java 参数。查看 run.sh 的内容就可以知道是怎么回事。修改一下 user_jvm_args.txt 里面的参数，然后记得查看一下 run.sh 里面是否有需要调整的地方 (主要是 nogui 选项，这里面的注释写得很清楚了)。

❯ cat user_jvm_args.txt
# Xmx and Xms set the maximum and minimum RAM usage, respectively.
# They can take any number, followed by an M or a G.
# M means Megabyte, G means Gigabyte.
# For example, to set the maximum to 3GB: -Xmx3G
# To set the minimum to 2.5GB: -Xms2500M

# A good default for a modded server is 4GB.
# Uncomment the next line to set it.
-Xmx8G
❯ cat run.sh
#!/usr/bin/env sh
# Forge requires a configured set of both JVM and program arguments.
# Add custom JVM arguments to the user_jvm_args.txt
# Add custom program arguments {such as nogui} to this file in the next line before the "$@" or
#  pass them to this script directly
java @user_jvm_args.txt @libraries/net/neoforged/neoforge/21.4.156/unix_args.txt nogui "$@"

然后运行 run.sh 文件，这才开始试图开启服务器，这时会和之前一样产生 eula.txt 文件让你勾选。

❯ ./run.sh
[12:17:47.055] [main/INFO] [Launcher/MODLAUNCHER]: ModLauncher running: args [--launchTarget, neoforgeserver, --fml.neoForgeVersion, 21.4.156, --fml.fmlVersion, 6.0.18, --fml.mcVersion, 1.21.4, --fml.neoFormVersion, 20241203.161809, nogui]
[12:17:47.057] [main/INFO] [Launcher/MODLAUNCHER]: JVM identified as Arch Linux OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 21.0.10+7
[12:17:47.059] [main/INFO] [Launcher/MODLAUNCHER]: ModLauncher 11.0.4+main.d2e20e43 starting: java version 21.0.10 by Arch Linux; OS Linux arch amd64 version 6.18.4-arch1-1
[12:17:47.159] [main/INFO] [loading.ImmediateWindowHandler/]: ImmediateWindowProvider not loading because launch target is neoforgeserver
[12:17:47.220] [main/INFO] [mixin/]: SpongePowered MIXIN Subsystem Version=0.8.7 Source=union:/home/shwan/mc-server/neoforge/libraries/net/fabricmc/sponge-mixin/0.15.2+mixin.0.8.7/sponge-mixin-0.15.2+mixin.0.8.7.jar%2385!/ Service=ModLauncher Env=SERVER
[12:17:47.540] [main/INFO] [loading.moddiscovery.ModDiscoverer/SCAN]: Found mod file "server-1.21.4-20241203.161809-srg.jar" [locator: production server provider +net.neoforged:neoforge:21.4.156:server]
[12:17:47.563] [main/INFO] [loading.moddiscovery.ModDiscoverer/SCAN]: Found mod file "neoforge-21.4.156-universal.jar" [locator: PathBasedLocator[name=neoforge, paths=[libraries/net/neoforged/neoforge/21.4.156/neoforge-21.4.156-universal.jar]], reader: mod manifest]
[12:17:47.686] [main/INFO] [loading.moddiscovery.locators.JarInJarDependencyLocator/]: Found 2 dependencies adding them to mods collection
[12:17:47.687] [main/INFO] [loading.moddiscovery.ModDiscoverer/SCAN]: Found gamelibrary file "mixinextras-neoforge-0.5.0.jar" [parent: neoforge-21.4.156-universal.jar, locator: jarinjar, reader: mod manifest]
[12:17:47.687] [main/INFO] [loading.moddiscovery.ModDiscoverer/SCAN]: Found library file "net.neoforged.neoforge-coremods-21.4.156.jar" [parent: neoforge-21.4.156-universal.jar, locator: jarinjar, reader: mod manifest]
[12:17:47.689] [main/INFO] [loading.moddiscovery.ModDiscoverer/]:
     Mod List:
                Name Version (Mod Id)

                Minecraft 1.21.4 (minecraft)
                NeoForge 21.4.156 (neoforge)
[12:17:48.036] [main/INFO] [LaunchServiceHandler/MODLAUNCHER]: Launching target 'neoforgeserver' with arguments [nogui]
[12:17:48] [main/WARN] [minecraft/Eula]: Failed to load eula.txt
[12:17:48] [main/INFO] [minecraft/Main]: You need to agree to the EULA in order to run the server. Go to eula.txt for more info.
❯ ls
config          libraries  mods      run.bat  server.jar      user_jvm_args.txt
defaultconfigs  logs       eula.txt  run.sh   server.jar.log

这里的输出信息也非常清楚，提示你需要修改 eula.txt 文件。像之前一样调整好参数之后，就可以启动了。似乎没看到 server.properties 文件？我们先继续走吧。

❯ ./run.sh
[12:22:27.161] [main/INFO] [Launcher/MODLAUNCHER]: ModLauncher running: args [--launchTarget, neoforgeserver, --fml.neoForgeVersion, 21.4.156, --fml.fmlVersion, 6.0.18, --fml.mcVersion, 1.21.4, --fml.neoFormVersion, 20241203.161809, nogui]
[12:22:27.164] [main/INFO] [Launcher/MODLAUNCHER]: JVM identified as Arch Linux OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 21.0.10+7
[12:22:27.165] [main/INFO] [Launcher/MODLAUNCHER]: ModLauncher 11.0.4+main.d2e20e43 starting: java version 21.0.10 by Arch Linux; OS Linux arch amd64 version 6.18.4-arch1-1
[12:22:27.285] [main/INFO] [loading.ImmediateWindowHandler/]: ImmediateWindowProvider not loading because launch target is neoforgeserver
[12:22:27.345] [main/INFO] [mixin/]: SpongePowered MIXIN Subsystem Version=0.8.7 Source=union:/home/shwan/mc-server/neoforge/libraries/net/fabricmc/sponge-mixin/0.15.2+mixin.0.8.7/sponge-mixin-0.15.2+mixin.0.8.7.jar%2385!/ Service=ModLauncher Env=SERVER
[12:22:27.652] [main/INFO] [loading.moddiscovery.ModDiscoverer/SCAN]: Found mod file "server-1.21.4-20241203.161809-srg.jar" [locator: production server provider +net.neoforged:neoforge:21.4.156:server]
[12:22:27.677] [main/INFO] [loading.moddiscovery.ModDiscoverer/SCAN]: Found mod file "neoforge-21.4.156-universal.jar" [locator: PathBasedLocator[name=neoforge, paths=[libraries/net/neoforged/neoforge/21.4.156/neoforge-21.4.156-universal.jar]], reader: mod manifest]
[12:22:27.802] [main/INFO] [loading.moddiscovery.locators.JarInJarDependencyLocator/]: Found 2 dependencies adding them to mods collection
[12:22:27.802] [main/INFO] [loading.moddiscovery.ModDiscoverer/SCAN]: Found gamelibrary file "mixinextras-neoforge-0.5.0.jar" [parent: neoforge-21.4.156-universal.jar, locator: jarinjar, reader: mod manifest]
[12:22:27.802] [main/INFO] [loading.moddiscovery.ModDiscoverer/SCAN]: Found library file "net.neoforged.neoforge-coremods-21.4.156.jar" [parent: neoforge-21.4.156-universal.jar, locator: jarinjar, reader: mod manifest]
[12:22:27.804] [main/INFO] [loading.moddiscovery.ModDiscoverer/]:
     Mod List:
                Name Version (Mod Id)

                Minecraft 1.21.4 (minecraft)
                NeoForge 21.4.156 (neoforge)
[12:22:28.144] [main/INFO] [LaunchServiceHandler/MODLAUNCHER]: Launching target 'neoforgeserver' with arguments [nogui]
[12:22:29] [main/INFO] [MixinExtras|Service/]: Initializing MixinExtras via com.llamalad7.mixinextras.service.MixinExtrasServiceImpl(version=0.5.0).
[12:22:34] [modloading-worker-0/INFO] [ne.ne.ne.co.NeoForgeMod/NEOFORGE-MOD]: NeoForge mod loading, version 21.4.156, for MC 1.21.4
[12:22:34] [main/ERROR] [minecraft/Settings]: Failed to load properties from file: server.properties
java.nio.file.NoSuchFileException: server.properties
        at java.base/sun.nio.fs.UnixException.translateToIOException(UnixException.java:92) ~[?:?] {}
        at java.base/sun.nio.fs.UnixException.rethrowAsIOException(UnixException.java:106) ~[?:?] {}
        at java.base/sun.nio.fs.UnixException.rethrowAsIOException(UnixException.java:111) ~[?:?] {}
        at java.base/sun.nio.fs.UnixFileSystemProvider.newByteChannel(UnixFileSystemProvider.java:261) ~[?:?] {}
        at java.base/java.nio.file.Files.newByteChannel(Files.java:380) ~[?:?] {}
        at java.base/java.nio.file.Files.newByteChannel(Files.java:432) ~[?:?] {}
        at java.base/java.nio.file.spi.FileSystemProvider.newInputStream(FileSystemProvider.java:420) ~[?:?] {}
        at java.base/java.nio.file.Files.newInputStream(Files.java:160) ~[?:?] {}
        at TRANSFORMER/minecraft@1.21.4/net.minecraft.server.dedicated.Settings.loadFromFile(Settings.java:38) ~[server-1.21.4-20241203.161809-srg.jar%23141!/:?] {re:classloading}
        at TRANSFORMER/minecraft@1.21.4/net.minecraft.server.dedicated.DedicatedServerProperties.fromFile(DedicatedServerProperties.java:132) ~[server-1.21.4-20241203.161809-srg.jar%23141!/:?] {re:classloading}
        at TRANSFORMER/minecraft@1.21.4/net.minecraft.server.dedicated.DedicatedServerSettings.<init>(DedicatedServerSettings.java:12) ~[server-1.21.4-20241203.161809-srg.jar%23141!/:?] {re:classloading}
        at TRANSFORMER/minecraft@1.21.4/net.minecraft.server.Main.main(Main.java:129) ~[server-1.21.4-20241203.161809-srg.jar%23141!/:?] {re:classloading}
        at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invoke(DirectMethodHandleAccessor.java:103) ~[?:?] {}
        at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:580) ~[?:?] {}
        at MC-BOOTSTRAP/fml_loader@6.0.18/net.neoforged.fml.loading.targets.CommonLaunchHandler.runTarget(CommonLaunchHandler.java:128) ~[loader-6.0.18.jar%2371!/:6.0] {}
        at MC-BOOTSTRAP/fml_loader@6.0.18/net.neoforged.fml.loading.targets.CommonLaunchHandler.serverService(CommonLaunchHandler.java:124) ~[loader-6.0.18.jar%2371!/:6.0] {}
        at MC-BOOTSTRAP/fml_loader@6.0.18/net.neoforged.fml.loading.targets.NeoForgeServerLaunchHandler.runService(NeoForgeServerLaunchHandler.java:39) ~[loader-6.0.18.jar%2371!/:6.0] {}
        at MC-BOOTSTRAP/fml_loader@6.0.18/net.neoforged.fml.loading.targets.CommonLaunchHandler.lambda$launchService$4(CommonLaunchHandler.java:114) ~[loader-6.0.18.jar%2371!/:6.0] {}
        at MC-BOOTSTRAP/cpw.mods.modlauncher@11.0.4/cpw.mods.modlauncher.LaunchServiceHandlerDecorator.launch(LaunchServiceHandlerDecorator.java:30) [modlauncher-11.0.4.jar%2376!/:?] {}
        at MC-BOOTSTRAP/cpw.mods.modlauncher@11.0.4/cpw.mods.modlauncher.LaunchServiceHandler.launch(LaunchServiceHandler.java:53) [modlauncher-11.0.4.jar%2376!/:?] {}
        at MC-BOOTSTRAP/cpw.mods.modlauncher@11.0.4/cpw.mods.modlauncher.LaunchServiceHandler.launch(LaunchServiceHandler.java:71) [modlauncher-11.0.4.jar%2376!/:?] {}
        at MC-BOOTSTRAP/cpw.mods.modlauncher@11.0.4/cpw.mods.modlauncher.Launcher.run(Launcher.java:103) [modlauncher-11.0.4.jar%2376!/:?] {}
        at MC-BOOTSTRAP/cpw.mods.modlauncher@11.0.4/cpw.mods.modlauncher.Launcher.main(Launcher.java:74) [modlauncher-11.0.4.jar%2376!/:?] {}
        at MC-BOOTSTRAP/cpw.mods.modlauncher@11.0.4/cpw.mods.modlauncher.BootstrapLaunchConsumer.accept(BootstrapLaunchConsumer.java:26) [modlauncher-11.0.4.jar%2376!/:?] {}
        at MC-BOOTSTRAP/cpw.mods.modlauncher@11.0.4/cpw.mods.modlauncher.BootstrapLaunchConsumer.accept(BootstrapLaunchConsumer.java:23) [modlauncher-11.0.4.jar%2376!/:?] {}
        at cpw.mods.bootstraplauncher@2.0.2/cpw.mods.bootstraplauncher.BootstrapLauncher.run(BootstrapLauncher.java:210) [bootstraplauncher-2.0.2.jar:?] {}
        at cpw.mods.bootstraplauncher@2.0.2/cpw.mods.bootstraplauncher.BootstrapLauncher.main(BootstrapLauncher.java:69) [bootstraplauncher-2.0.2.jar:?] {}
[12:22:34] [main/INFO] [mojang/YggdrasilAuthenticationService]: Environment: Environment[sessionHost=https://sessionserver.mojang.com, servicesHost=https://api.minecraftservices.com, name=PROD]
[12:22:34] [main/WARN] [minecraft/VanillaPackResourcesBuilder]: Assets URL 'union:/home/shwan/mc-server/neoforge/libraries/net/minecraft/server/1.21.4-20241203.161809/server-1.21.4-20241203.161809-srg.jar%23141!/assets/.mcassetsroot' uses unexpected schema
[12:22:34] [main/WARN] [minecraft/VanillaPackResourcesBuilder]: Assets URL 'union:/home/shwan/mc-server/neoforge/libraries/net/minecraft/server/1.21.4-20241203.161809/server-1.21.4-20241203.161809-srg.jar%23141!/data/.mcassetsroot' uses unexpected schema
[12:22:35] [main/INFO] [minecraft/Main]: No existing world data, creating new world
[12:22:36] [main/INFO] [minecraft/RecipeManager]: Loaded 1370 recipes
[12:22:36] [main/INFO] [minecraft/AdvancementTree]: Loaded 1481 advancements
[12:22:36] [main/INFO] [ne.ne.ne.co.cr.RecipePriorityManager/]: Loaded 0 recipe priority overrides
[12:22:36] [Server thread/INFO] [minecraft/DedicatedServer]: Starting minecraft server version 1.21.4
[12:22:36] [Server thread/INFO] [minecraft/DedicatedServer]: Loading properties
[12:22:36] [Server thread/INFO] [minecraft/DedicatedServer]: Default game type: SURVIVAL
[12:22:36] [Server thread/INFO] [minecraft/MinecraftServer]: Generating keypair
[12:22:36] [Server thread/INFO] [minecraft/DedicatedServer]: Starting Minecraft server on *:25565
[12:22:36] [Server thread/INFO] [minecraft/ServerConnectionListener]: Using epoll channel type
[12:22:36] [Server thread/INFO] [minecraft/DedicatedServer]: Preparing level "world"
[12:22:40] [Server thread/INFO] [minecraft/MinecraftServer]: Preparing start region for dimension minecraft:overworld
[12:22:40] [Worker-Main-36/INFO] [minecraft/LoggerChunkProgressListener]: Preparing spawn area: 2%
[12:22:40] [Worker-Main-41/INFO] [minecraft/LoggerChunkProgressListener]: Preparing spawn area: 2%
[12:22:41] [Worker-Main-39/INFO] [minecraft/LoggerChunkProgressListener]: Preparing spawn area: 2%
[12:22:41] [Worker-Main-33/INFO] [minecraft/LoggerChunkProgressListener]: Preparing spawn area: 18%
[12:22:42] [Worker-Main-41/INFO] [minecraft/LoggerChunkProgressListener]: Preparing spawn area: 22%
[12:22:42] [Worker-Main-29/INFO] [minecraft/LoggerChunkProgressListener]: Preparing spawn area: 51%
[12:22:43] [Worker-Main-36/INFO] [minecraft/LoggerChunkProgressListener]: Preparing spawn area: 53%
[12:22:43] [Server thread/INFO] [minecraft/LoggerChunkProgressListener]: Time elapsed: 3065 ms
[12:22:43] [Server thread/INFO] [minecraft/DedicatedServer]: Done (6.627s)! For help, type "help"
[12:22:43] [Server thread/INFO] [ne.ne.ne.se.pe.PermissionAPI/]: Successfully initialized permission handler neoforge:default_handler
> 

这启动信息就比纯原版清楚多了，“Successfully …” 清楚的告诉你启动成功了，后面的 > 告诉你这里还可以输入命令交互式的调整服务器，原版没有任何提示，不知道的还以为不能交互呢。上面的报错信息里面又提示没有 sever.properties 文件，自动生成一个。这时你可以 stop 然后配置该文件了。

> stop
[12:26:09] [Server thread/INFO] [minecraft/MinecraftServer]: Stopping the server
[12:26:09] [Server thread/INFO] [minecraft/MinecraftServer]: Stopping server
[12:26:09] [Server thread/INFO] [minecraft/MinecraftServer]: Saving players
[12:26:09] [Server thread/INFO] [minecraft/MinecraftServer]: Saving worlds
[12:26:37] [Server thread/INFO] [minecraft/MinecraftServer]: Saving chunks for level 'ServerLevel[world]'/minecraft:overworld
[12:26:37] [Server thread/INFO] [minecraft/MinecraftServer]: Saving chunks for level 'ServerLevel[world]'/minecraft:the_nether
[12:26:37] [Server thread/INFO] [minecraft/MinecraftServer]: Saving chunks for level 'ServerLevel[world]'/minecraft:the_end
[12:26:37] [Server thread/INFO] [minecraft/MinecraftServer]: ThreadedAnvilChunkStorage (world): All chunks are saved
[12:26:37] [Server thread/INFO] [minecraft/MinecraftServer]: ThreadedAnvilChunkStorage (DIM-1): All chunks are saved
[12:26:37] [Server thread/INFO] [minecraft/MinecraftServer]: ThreadedAnvilChunkStorage (DIM1): All chunks are saved
[12:26:37] [Server thread/INFO] [minecraft/MinecraftServer]: ThreadedAnvilChunkStorage: All dimensions are saved
> %                                                                                                                                                                                         ❯ ls
config          libraries  mods   banned-ips.json      eula.txt  run.bat  server.jar      server.properties  user_jvm_args.txt
defaultconfigs  logs       world  banned-players.json  ops.json  run.sh   server.jar.log  usercache.json     whitelist.json
❯ nvim server.propertie

此时一个能启动的无模组的模组服已经建立好了。根据 neoforge 官方的文档，添加 mod 的办法也非常直接，看到那个 mod 文件夹了吗，把 mod 文件塞进去就可以了。至于整合包开服，文档中也说明了一下，不是这么简单的，往往需要去看整合包作者提供的文档。如果作者不负责，就只能拿客户端文件来自己制作服务端文件了。